Message edited 18:48 - February 24, 2010 by yours_truly
One of the main attractions of hobbies lighters, mostly vintage, is the knowledge, studying the history, this is concerned, does not only Zippo, and other various brands of lighters, because in fact, interesting lighter all around the world - a huge lot of them on our Russian-language portal ZippoCollector.ru already published the remarkable scientific - research article on Zippo Alexander Vanguard, for which he thanks a lot! Read them here http://zippocollector.ru/archives/957
The heroine of this review will be today Zippo featuring Raphael Truhilo.Nadeyus that you will be interested in reading about it, despite the fact that I have long assailed by doubts about writing this stati.Rukovodstvovalsya comment - yes who needs it?
In any case, can someone be interested in a good time and enjoy the story! First, let's talk about the person who is shown in the Zippo, about which we are talking today.
And so, Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Molina (1891 - 1961) - the dictator of the Dominican Republic from 1930 to 1961 gody.Ofitsialno 36th President of the Dominican Republic between 1930 and 39y po1938 years president of the Dominican Republic from 1942 to 1952 the country was nicknamed gody.V "El Chivo" ("goat") for his numerous sexual encounters.
In the second half of the 19th century in the Dominican Republic was a bitter struggle for power among various clans, gangs and groups.
In November 1844 a constitution was promulgated, in which was based on the U.S. Constitution, and General Pedro Santana was elected president. Over the next 30 years, Santana and his main political opponent Buenaventura Báez alternated in power, managing the country or in office or through puppet presidents. The conflict between them has exacerbated the rift in society.
To keep the post of president, Santana March 18, 1861 signed a merger agreement with Spain. August 16, 1863 uprising, which lasted until May 1, 1865, when the Spanish troops left the island, and the third time in its history, the country declared its independence. The state financed the armed forces by incessant large foreign loans with payment of high commissions and interest. In 1869, Báez held talks on the country's accession to the United States, seeing it as the only way to solve financial problems, but the agreement, approved by the Dominican parliament, was rejected by the U.S. Senate. After several coups that followed these events, in 1882, Gen. Ulises Ero proclaimed himself president of the country, and policy of the Dominican Republic until July 26, 1899, when he was killed by Ramon Caceres, who later became president himself.
By 1904, foreign powers began to put strong pressure on the Dominican Republic to make the payment of interest on overdue loans. In response, the Government of Dominican Republic has offered to guarantee the security of cash proceeds from the collection of duties major ports, and October 20, 1904 a representative of the U.S. took over the management of customs in Puerto Plata. When other countries have tried to establish the same control, the government of the Dominican Republic, on the proposal of President Theodore Roosevelt, sought assistance from the United States. In February 1905, an agreement was signed under which the United States were to lead the financial affairs of the Dominican Republic, to collect customs duties and repay its debts. Although the U.S. Senate has not ratified the agreement, however, it was temporarily taken for execution. Under U.S. control amount of revenue from customs duties has increased, and the Dominican Republic was able to repay part of its external debt.
In 1904, the United States established full control over the country, and in 1916 it occupied the sea pehota.Byla disbanded the national army and instead under U.S. National Guard was formed, which in 1918 vstpil Trujillo before reputed smuggler and konogradom.Po words an American journalist, biographer Trujillo, will not take it in the Guard, he could have ended his days on the gallows or be killed like a normal village thug.
The National Guard under the auspices of the Americans involved in the suppression of popular uprisings that broke out in one or other area of Trujillo were particularly brutal, before which shook even colleagues-punishers. This did not go unnoticed: he was promoted at work, and then sent to study at a U.S. military school.
After graduating, Trujillo was promoted to captain. In 1924, U.S. troops left the Dominican Republic, but also in key positions in the state were their appointees. By this time, Colonel Trujillo served as chief of staff of the armed forces. When the National Guard reorganized the army, he became its commander.
In 1930, the country held elections. As a result of skillful voter fraud Trujillo was elected president. The country immediately to establish rigid military dictatorship, soon turned into a bloody despotism. Tens of thousands of discontented with his policies were executed or imprisoned. "Era of Trujillo" will last until May 1961. Illiterate colonel and a former smuggler was the absolute master of the country, was able to set their own orders.
Over many years of absolute power Trujillo became the largest and most powerful businessman of the Dominican Republic. Sale of salt, meat, tobacco, many industries, much of the production of sugar was under control. He received $ 30 million of annual net income. Trujillo bought all the best lands in their own country, had a property abroad. If any Dominican farmer protested and refused to sell his land dictator, then a few days later did it to his widow.
Board Trujillo noted massive personality cult. Congress has appropriated the title of Generalissimo Trujillo, Admiral of the Fleet, the titles of "Benefactor of the Fatherland", "Restorer of Independence", "Liberator of the nation", "Patron of Fine Arts and Literature," "The first student," "The first doctor", "First PhD."
In the Dominican Republic were erected numerous monuments to him in his lifetime. In 1936, the capital of the country - the oldest city in America, Santo Domingo, founded by Bartolomeo Columbus - was renamed Ciudad Trujillo ("Trujillo"). The highest peak in the Caribbean, Monte Tina, was renamed Mount Trujillo. After the death of Trujillo, its monuments were dismantled, the capital of their historical names, and the mountain Pico Duarte renamed in honor of Juan Pablo Duarte, one of the founding fathers of the Dominican Republic.
From the point of view of Trujillo, the policy had three aspects: the diplomatic, economic and domestic (public order in the country). Dictator Generalissimo believed that to achieve these goals, any suitable means' murder, provocation, abduction, confinement in underground dungeons. "He who is not my friend, my enemy, and therefore he pay for it" - liked to Trujillo .
In the 50's a lot of fuss about the mysterious disappearance of Professor Galindez. March 12, 1956 Professor disappeared in broad daylight in New York, on the way home from the university. Native Galindez, then the university administration has sounded the alarm. The investigation conducted by the FBI, it was found that intelligence agents kidnapped Professor Trujillo, who may have burned in the furnace of his ship bound for the Dominican Republic, and threw him overboard to be eaten by sharks. Thus Professor Trujillo revenge for a book published in the United States, in which he spoke of the generalissimo impartially. No less cruel and did the leader of the communist movement of the Dominican Republic Freddie Valdes. Dragged him to the mountain top, tied a rope around his neck and pushed into the abyss. Thus bringing Valdes to insanity, he was returned to prison, where only a few years - 27 January 1950 was hanged. Anti-communism was the official ideology of the regime, who ruled the Dominican Republic. In March 1936, despite the friction between the two countries, Trujillo visited Haiti and the Dominican-Haitian signed the Convention on the fight against communism. Trujillo tried to influence the internal life of the Haitian state.
In 1941, his support and money helped the then Ambassador of Haiti in Washington, Elie Lescot become president of Haiti. They met in 1933 when Lescot was interior minister of Haiti. Arriving in Santo Domingo as ambassador in 1934, the line actually entered the service of Trujillo. Generalissimo kindled boundless love for the Messenger of the neighboring country, and even gave him a golden gun and a luxury car. Special generosity to Lesko Trujillo showed when he squandered 35,000 dollars from his government for the purchase of weapons Trujillo covered the loss.
By the end of the Second World War dictators for some reason turned into mortal enemies. In October 1944, Trujillo tried to arrange the murder of Lesko, and in 1945, when the President of Haiti, decided to extend his stay in power, Trujillo in retaliation published his correspondence with him over the years 1937-1945, which indicated that the Haitian president really was for many years The Dominican dictator on content. When power in Haiti captured military junta led by Colonel Magloire, Trujillo backed usurpers. In February 1951 Magloire and Trujillo met and signed a joint communique on friendship and the struggle against communism.
When the two presidents embraced the Latin American tradition to pat each other on the back, felt his belt Magloire Trujillo pistol .38. Trujillo later said that cane in his hands Magloire was no more than a disguised gun.
In August 1960, in Santo Domingo (Ciudad Trujillo) arrived American advisers. In their recommendations Hector Trujillo resigned as president of "health," and he was replaced by Vice-President of Balaguer. Trujillo himself was appointed the representative of the Dominican Republic to the United Nations (though there he never once left).
However, the political crisis in the country has not been resolved. The conflict only at the time managed to extinguish. After the overthrow of dictatorships in Latin and Central America, there is a change of political elites. U.S. knew it and offered to replace the government of Trujillo to the new, more respectable. But Trujillo hard-shell and entered into intensive negotiations with the people in Washington. Meanwhile, in the crisis of dictatorships in Brazil, Chile, Nicaragua revolution erupted.
Power circles in the United States realized the futility of the Trujillo dictatorship. As a result, the State Department maneuver to "recovery" of the situation in the opposition circles Trujillo a conspiracy. Operation to remove Trujillo took control of the CIA . Its implementation was scheduled for May 30, 1961. On this day, Trujillo went to the car in one of his country estates. On the way, the motorcade was organized armed ambush. Gunfire in which Trujillo was assassinated.
In the photo with U.S. President Nixon
Well, let's talk about Zippo with images of Trujillo and his family.
Zippo Slim 1958.Na it like you see portrayed himself Rafael Trujillo, and on the other side of the flag of the Dominican Republic
The emblem of the state motto written countries:
Dios, Patria, Libertad in Spanish - God, Country, Freedom
In this 1958 image Zippo third wife Trujillo - Maria Martinez Alba, which was known as "la españolita":
On the other side of the lighter shows the famous four-masted luxury yacht "Yate Angelita", built in 1931, commissioned by a wealthy Wall Street broker with Edward Francis Hutton and designed by his wife, Lady Marjorie Meriwether Post:
First yacht called The Hussar, but after his divorce from Hutton, who left his ex-wife that she loved more than anything in the world, the yacht was it renamed Sea Cloud.
In 1955 it was bought by Rafael Trujillo, who more often than others have been to her as gostya.Kogda Trujillo became the owner of the yacht, he gave it the name of Zippo Angelita.Na featuring family members of Trujillo, on the other side is represented by the lighter boat Angelita:
On the next Zippo 1958 depicts the son of the dictator Rafael Leonidas Ramfis, who took control of the management of the country after the assassination of his ottsa.Pozzhe in 1961, he was forced to become a fugitive when he went into Franitsiyu flight, along with the other surviving members of the family of Trujillo on the famous yacht ANGELITA :
On the next Zippo 1958 depicts Trujillo's daughter - Maria De Los Angeles or ANGELITA as the name of the famous yahty.Vidimo, Trujillo named as a yacht in honor of his daughter:
Furthermore, Zippo 1958 featuring second son Trujillo - Radames, who follows Ramfis was named in honor of the heroes of Verdi - Aida:
And the last for today Zippo 1958 depicting the mother of Rafael Trujillo - Altagratsiya Julia Molina Chevalier (Lord, forgive me, a connoisseur of French!), Also known as "Mama Julia":
Do not forget that on the other side of the above described lighters family Trujillo displayed ANGELITA yacht!
That's basically it! Material picked randomly, no political convictions did not pursue, to be honest to you, I know who Rafael Trujillo only when I started writing this statyu.Do vcherashengo pm I did not know this name, never even slyshal.No thanks Zippo had to learn a little bit from this lichnostyu.Opyat, make allowances for any inaccuracies in Russian information about Trujillo, especially about his family very little, almost no ...
But be tolerant to the actual topic, I understand that it will be interesting to the reader, not every site.
Thank you, all the best!
Yours sincerely,
Yours_Truly
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